yog dab tsi?
Nisin hmoovyog ib yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob peptide uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob Lactococcus lactis. Nws yog polycyclic, cationic peptide uas muaj 34 amino acid residues, nrog rau qhov hnyav molecular ntawm kwv yees li 3.5 kDa. Nisin belongs rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob hu ua lantibiotics, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj cov amino acids txawv txawv thiab kev hloov pauv tom qab. Nisin muaj broad-spectrum antimicrobial kev ua ub no tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob Gram-zoo, suav nrog qee cov kab mob hauv cov zaub mov.
Nisin yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus raws li ib tug natural preservative mus cuag lub txee lub neej ntawm ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus. Nws muaj ntau qhov zoo dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj, xws li ua tau zoo ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, muaj qhov dav dav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg noj. Nisin yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau rau khaws cia cov khoom noj siv mis nyuj, raws li nws muaj zog tiv thaiv ntau yam spoilage thiab kab mob pathogenic feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj thiab cheese. Tsis tas li ntawd, nisin tau pom tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke thaum ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntuj, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txo qis kev siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws hauv cov khoom noj.
Cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv ntawm Nisin
A. Antibacterial thaj chaw
Inhibition ntawm qee yam kab mob: Nisin nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob Gram-zoo, suav nrog cov kab mob hauv cov zaub mov xws li Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, thiab Bacillus cereus. Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov cell membrane kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov kab mob no, ua rau kom nkag mus ntawm cov khoom hauv lub cev thiab thaum kawg cov kab mob cell tuag.
Kev khaws cia ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus: Nisin feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho khoom noj khoom haus hauv kev lag luam khoom noj los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob lwj thiab kab mob hauv ntau yam khoom noj. Nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pab ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov khoom siv mis nyuj, cov nqaij ua tiav, cov khoom noj hauv kaus poom, dej haus, thiab lwm yam khoom puas tsuaj. Los ntawm inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, nisin pab tswj cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb, txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov khoom noj.
Txo cov kab mob hauv cov zaub mov: Cov kab mob hauv cov zaub mov los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv. Nisin lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob thiab kev ciaj sia ntawm cov zaub mov muaj kab mob ua rau txo qis cov kab mob microbial hauv cov khoom noj. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, pab txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob noj zaub mov thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
B. Muaj peev xwm kho tau
Antimicrobial therapy: Cov tshuaj tua kab mob antimicrobial ntawm nisin tau coj mus rau nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav los ua lwm txoj hauv kev tshuaj tua kab mob rau kev kho cov kab mob. Nisin muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob, suav nrog methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) thiab vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Nws hom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua, tsom cov kab mob ntawm cov cell membranes, muaj peev xwm daws tau qhov teeb meem loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Kev kho qhov txhab zoo: Nisin tau pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo kho qhov txhab. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias nisin txhawb kev tsiv teb tsaws thiab kev loj hlob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua kom lub qhov txhab kaw, thiab txhim kho cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov teebmeem no tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tib neeg uas muaj qhov txhab mob ntev, mob ntshav qab zib rwj, thiab lwm yam mob uas nyuaj rau kho.
Cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov ncauj: Nisin tau tshawb xyuas txog nws cov peev xwm hauv kev siv tshuaj noj hauv qhov ncauj. Nws tau pom tias inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob cuam tshuam nrog cov hniav caries (cov hniav lwj) thiab cov kab mob periodontal. Kev sib xyaw nisin rau hauv cov khoom siv kho qhov ncauj xws li tshuaj txhuam hniav, tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj, thiab cov tshuaj txhuam hniav tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov plaque, txo cov kab mob hauv lub cev, thiab pab txhawb kev tu lub qhov ncauj.
Kev siv ntawm Chitosan Oligosaccharide
A. Kev lag luam zaub mov
Preservation ntawm cov khoom siv mis nyuj:Nisin hmoovyog siv dav hauv kev khaws cia cov khoom siv mis nyuj xws li mis nyuj, cheese, thiab yogurt. Nws pab inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm spoilage thiab pathogenic cov kab mob, ncua lub txee lub neej thiab tswj cov khoom zoo.
Tswj cov kab mob spoilage: Nisin zoo tswj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob lwj uas tuaj yeem ua rau zaub mov tsis zoo thiab lwj, xws li cov poov xab thiab pwm. Los ntawm inhibiting lawv txoj kev loj hlob, nisin pab tiv thaiv qhov lwj ntawm ntau yam khoom noj.
Txuas lub neej txee ntawm cov khoom noj uas ua tiav: cov khoom noj ua tiav, suav nrog cov khoom hauv kaus poom, cov zaub mov npaj txhij, thiab cov kua ntses, feem ntau ntsib teeb meem ntawm cov kab mob microbial thiab lwj. Nisin tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv ntuj tsim kom ntev lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom no los ntawm inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob.
B. Pharmaceutical kev lag luam
Lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob: Nisin tau txais kev saib xyuas raws li qhov muaj peev xwm hloov tau rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob ib txwm muaj vim nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog. Nws tau raug tshawb nrhiav rau nws lub peev xwm los tawm tsam cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tej zaum yuav muaj kev siv los kho ntau yam kab mob.
Cov tshuab xa tshuaj: Nisin tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov tshuab xa tshuaj, xws li nanoparticles thiab liposomes. Cov tshuab no tuaj yeem txhim kho lub hom phiaj xa cov tshuaj thiab txhim kho lawv txoj kev ruaj ntseg, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Kev hnav khaub ncaws thiab ntaub qhwv: Nisin's antimicrobial thiab qhov txhab kho qhov txhab ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev hnav khaub ncaws thiab ntaub qhwv. Kev sib xyaw nisin rau hauv cov khoom no tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kab mob, txhawb kev kho qhov txhab, thiab txhim kho kev tswj lub qhov txhab tag nrho.
C. Kev saib xyuas tus kheej thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce
Cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv pob txuv: Nisin cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv Propionibacterium acnes, cov kab mob cuam tshuam nrog pob txuv, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv pob txuv. Nws tuaj yeem pab tswj cov kab mob loj hlob thiab txo cov pob txuv tawg.
Cov khoom siv kho qhov ncauj: Nisin tau raug tshawb xyuas rau nws cov peev xwm hauv cov khoom tu qhov ncauj, xws li tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj. Nws cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kab mob hniav, kab mob ntawm cov pos hniav, thiab ua pa tsis zoo los ntawm inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv qhov ncauj.
Natural preservatives: Nisin's antimicrobial kev ua ub no thiab kev nyab xeeb profile ua rau nws ib tug txaus nyiam tej yam ntuj tso preservative rau tus kheej thiab cov khoom kom zoo nkauj. Nws tuaj yeem pab txuas lub neej txee ntawm cov khoom no los ntawm inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, cov poov xab, thiab pwm.
D. Agricultural thiab tsiaj pub kev lag luam
Kev khaws cia tsiaj noj: Nisin tuaj yeem siv los khaws cov tsiaj noj, tiv thaiv kev lwj thiab tswj nws cov khoom noj kom zoo. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua liaj ua teb tsiaj txhu, qhov chaw noj zaub mov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tsiaj noj qab haus huv thiab tsim khoom.
Txo cov kab mob tsiaj:Nisin hmoovtau pom tias inhibit kev loj hlob ntawm qee cov kab mob pathogenic uas ua rau muaj kab mob hauv cov tsiaj, suav nrog nqaij qaib thiab npua. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw nisin rau hauv cov tsiaj pub, kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob cuam tshuam tuaj yeem raug txo.
Txhim kho tsiaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev loj hlob: Nisin cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem pab txhim kho tsiaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev loj hlob los ntawm kev tswj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob phem hauv tus tsiaj lub plab. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kev nqus tau zoo dua, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov tsiaj ua haujlwm zoo.
Common formulations thiab siv
A. Nisin ua ib qho khoom xyaw
Nisin hmoovtuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hauv ntau yam khoom noj, tshuaj, kev saib xyuas tus kheej, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce. Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, nws feem ntau yog ntxiv rau cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm lossis tsim khoom los txhim kho lawv lub txee lub neej thiab kev nyab xeeb. Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, nisin tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv kev xa tshuaj los yog siv los ua lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Hauv kev saib xyuas tus kheej thiab cov khoom lag luam kom zoo nkauj, nisin tuaj yeem suav nrog ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj lossis ua cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob los yog qhov txhab kho mob.
B. Kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv
Nisin kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm cov khoom noj ntxiv, xws li cov organic acids thiab enzymes, txhawm rau txhim kho nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txhim kho nws cov txiaj ntsig. Piv txwv li, nisin tau pom tias ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke nrog lactic acid los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov khoom noj siv mis. Qee qhov xwm txheej, nisin tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj, xws li rosemary extract lossis txiv kab ntxwv noob txiv extract, kom muab qhov dav dav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
C. Kev txiav txim siab noj tshuaj thiab cov cai
Qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm nisin sib txawv nyob ntawm seb daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom tsim. Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai ntawm nisin yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb khoom noj, xws li US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) thiab European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Feem ntau, cov qib nisin hauv cov khoom noj muaj nyob ntawm 2.5-12.5 mg/kg. Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm nisin tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws li lub hom phiaj kab mob lossis kab mob raug kho.
D. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj
Ntau yam khoom lag luam muaj xws li nisin. Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, nisin tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob hauv cov khoom noj siv mis, cov kaus poom, thiab cov zaub mov tiav. Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, nisin tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce lossis tshuaj pleev rau kev kho qhov txhab lossis ua ib feem ntawm kev xa tshuaj. Hauv kev saib xyuas tus kheej thiab cov khoom lag luam kom zoo nkauj, nisin tuaj yeem pom hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv pob txuv, tshuaj txhuam hniav, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov tawv nqaij thiab cov khoom tu plaub hau.
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