Apigenin hmoov

Xi'an Kintai Biotech Inc yog ib qho ntawm cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov muag khoom ntawm apigenin hmoov hauv Suav teb. Thov koj xav tias dawb rau cov lag luam wholesale zoo apigenin hmoov muag ntawm no los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Rau nqe kev sab laj, tiv tauj peb.

Apigenin, active ingredient nyob rau hauv cov hmoov ua los ntawmKINTAIBIO^®, muaj qhov zoo - cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb tseem ceeb. Nws yog ntuj flavonoid dav dav hauv cov nroj tsuag, feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv chamomile, parsley, celery, thiab txiv qaub balm. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom lag luam sib txawv, peb muab ob pawg ntawm apigenin raw cov ntaub ntawv: ib txwm muab los xaiv (chamomile extractmuaj 1% lossis 1.2%apigenin ua) thiab semi- cov kev xaiv hluavtaws (90%, 95%, thiab 98% purity). Cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem xaiv qhov tsim nyog purity specification raws li lawv qhov kawg formulations, nqi txwv, thiab daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau; cov khoom tshwj xeeb tsis tuaj yeem lees paub ntxiv thaum nug.

Hu rau peb tam sim no kom tau txais cov qauv dawb!

apigenin dej solubility:Hais txog physicochemical zog, apigenin yog ib qho flavonoid uas tsis tshua muaj dej soluble hauv dej; Nws yog sparingly soluble hauv kub ethanol tab sis soluble hauv DMSO, DMA, thiab dilute alkaline daws. Vim nws txwv dej solubility, tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus ua kua los yog dej- raws li cov tshuaj pleev ib ce yuav tsum tau siv cov txheej txheem xws li solubilization los yog encapsulation rau optimization.

 

Hloov pauv, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo rau kev txhim kho hauv cov tshuaj ntxiv, cov khoom xyaw ua zaub mov ua haujlwm, thiab cov roj-raws li lossis complex cosmetic systems. Thaum pebapigenin hmoovNws yog qhov ruaj khov, nws yog rhiab heev rau alkalis muaj zog, siab -kub oxidation, thiab ntev UV raug; Yog li ntawd, kev cia kom zoo-xws li kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb, tswj qhov kub thiab txias, thiab ntim khoom tsim nyog- yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Apigenin yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txaus siab rau kev tshawb fawb, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tsom rau nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant, tiv thaiv - mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab cytoprotective zog, nrog rau lwm yam kev ua haujlwm lom neeg. Peb98% apigenin hmoovtshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau qhov loj - nplai ntau lawm - cov khoom purity, pab tswj cov nqi raw khoom thiab xyuas kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Peb nruj me ntsis soj ntsuam cov ntsiab lus apigenin thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam -xws li COAs, specifications, MSDS, thiab batch test reports-raws li kev thov. Yog xav paub ntxiv, thov hu rausales@kintaibio.com.

apigenin rau cov plaub hau

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, apigenin tau txais kev saib xyuas hauv kev saib xyuas tawv taub hau thiab kev tshawb fawb txog plaub hau. Ib qho kev kawm sivtus qauv nas ntawm androgenetic alopecia (AGA) tshawb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj pleev apigenin tswj ntawm tus mob. Daim ntawv thov ntawm apigenin extract ua rau cov plaub hau loj hlob zoo hauv cov nas; lub compound zoo nkaus li ua haujlwm los ntawm kev hloov kho Wnt signaling txoj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov hauv paus plaub hau, nrog CDK5 tau txheeb xyuas tias yog lub hom phiaj rau nws qhov kev ua.

 

Cov kev tshawb pom no muab lub hauv paus tshiab rau kev sivntshiab apigenin hmoovhauv kev tsim kho tawv taub hau, tu plaub hau, thiab tiv thaiv -cov khoom siv plaub hau-tshwj xeeb yog cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov tawv taub hau, tshuaj pleev, tshuaj ntxuav tes, thiab lwm yam tshuaj pleev ib ce. Muab apigenin cov dej solubility tsis tshua muaj, kev siv tshuaj pleev ib ce kuj tseem ua haujlwm los txhim kho nws cov bioavailability, ua rau nws yog ib tus neeg sib tw rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv rau hauv tawv taub hau- cov qauv tsim, kev xa khoom, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.

apigenin testosterone

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, apigenin tau txais kev saib xyuas hauv kev tshawb fawb txog txiv neej kev noj qab haus huv, testicular function, thiab testosterone synthesis. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev cuam tshuam apigenin tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev qhov hnyav, lipid metabolism, thiab kev hloov pauv pathological hauv cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov qauv tsiaj;Nws ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev hloov pauv endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kev ntxhov siab los cuam tshuam cov kev qhia ntawm cov proteins thiab cov enzymes cuam tshuam nrog testosterone synthesis. Cov kev tshawb fawb Mechanistic ntxiv qhia tias cov teebmeem no tuaj yeem txuas rau PERK-txog ER txoj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm STAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) qhia los ntawm CHOP.

 

Muab hais tias STAR yog cov protein tseem ceeb hauv kev thauj cov roj cholesterol thiab steroid hormone synthesis, cov kev tshawb pom no muab lub hauv paus muaj peev xwm molecular rau apigenin lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj hwm testosterone synthesis.organic apigeninyog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yog cov nroj tsuag ntuj flavonoid nrog kev cog lus muaj peev xwm hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txiv neej kev laus kev noj qab haus huv, testicular function, thiab testosterone synthesis; Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib koom ua ke ntawmapigenin hmoov bulkthiab kev noj qab haus huv hauv metabolic, oxidative kev nyuaj siab, thiab ER kev ntxhov siab ntxiv kev tshawb nrhiav los ntawm tib neeg kev sim tshuaj.

apigenin thiab ntshav siab

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, apigenin tau txais kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb rau nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj ntshav siab thiab mob plawv. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tiasapigenin cuam tshuam tuaj yeem txo qis ntshav siab-txoj kev kho aortic, txo qhov nruab nrab thickness, hlab phab ntsa txoj kab uas hla, thiab phab ntsa -rau-lumen ratio. Ntxiv * hauv vitro* cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias apigenin extract inhibits angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced abnormal proliferation thiab migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) thiab downregulates the expression of proteins related with vascular remodeling, such as PCNA, MMP-2, and MMP-9.

 

Cov kev tshawb fawb Mechanistic qhia tias apigenin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov txawv txav ntawm vascular cell proliferation thiab tsiv teb tsaws -yog li ua kom qeeb cov vascular hloov pauv cuam tshuam nrog kev kub siab-los ntawm kev ua kom TP53 (p53) taw qhia txoj hauv kev thiab ua rau G0 / G1 cell voj voog raug ntes hauv VSMCs. Cov kev tshawb pom no muab lub hauv paus kev tshawb fawb rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob plawvapigenin hmoov, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov pov thawj los ntawm cov qauv tsiaj, kev sim ntawm tes, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas molecular mechanism.

apigenin pab rau cov poj niam

Cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no qhia tias apigenin tuaj yeem tawm dag zogmultifaceted cuam tshuam rau poj niam kev yug me nyuam system los ntawm modulating oxidative kev nyuaj siab,Cov lus teb inflammatory, cell proliferation thiab apoptosis, cell viability, zes qe menyuam, thiab cov txheej txheem muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj hormones. Cov kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam qhia tias apigenin tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev loj hlob ntawm zes qe menyuam follicle, zes qe menyuam ntawm lub cev, thiab embryonic cell proliferation, thiab tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem tswj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones xws li estrogen thiab progesterone.

 

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv - cov khoom siv inflammatory ntawm apigenin tau ua rau nws muaj kev tshawb fawb txog cov xwm txheej xws li polycystic zes qe menyuam syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, zes qe menyuam ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab kev tsim cov kab mob kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawmapigenin hmoovntawm cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam txog kev loj hlob thiab kev ciaj sia ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam, muab lub hauv paus muaj peev xwm rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv rau nws lub luag haujlwm hauv poj niam kev noj qab haus huv.

apigenin pw tsaug zog

Kev tshawb fawb tam sim no qhia tias apigenin tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev pw tsaug zog- cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev lom neeg,ua hauj lwm raws li lub ntuj molecule uas txuas kev pw tsaug zog thiab kev laus; Cov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj tau pom tias nws muaj cov khoom sedative thiab muaj peev xwm pw tsaug zog- txhawb kev cuam tshuam, nrog cov txheej txheem yuav cuam tshuam nrog GABAergic system nrog rau txoj hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov nas tau pom tias kev cuam tshuam ntawm apigenin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov cim cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab pw tsaug zog, xws li BDNF, CREB, thiab serotonin.

 

Ntxiv thiab,apigenin hmoovtau tshaj tawm tias inhibit CD38-ib qho enzyme uas noj NAD⁺- yog li nce NAD⁺ qib hauv cov qauv tsiaj; cov txheej txheem no tso nws ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ntuj molecule hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm kev pw tsaug zog thiab kev laus noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, apigenin bulk hmoov yog cov cog cog qoob loo - muab bioactive compound rau kev tshawb fawb rau kev pw tsaug zog kev noj qab haus huv thiab paj hlwb muaj nuj nqi, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob raws li ib tug muaj nyob rau hauv pw tsaug zog-focused khoom noj khoom haus formulations thiab functionality formulations.

apigenin rau kev ntxhov siab

Apigenin qhia kev cog lus hauv kev tshawb fawb txognws lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv tawm tsam neurodegenerative mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no qhia tias apigenin tuaj yeem hloov kho lub paj hlwb ua haujlwm los ntawm neuroprotective, antioxidant, thiab tiv thaiv - cov teebmeem inflammatory; nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav koom nrog GABAergic system, PI3K / Akt signaling pathway, thiab ntau lub hom phiaj molecular cuam tshuam nrog neuroinflammation thiab oxidative stress.

 

Tshwj xeeb, hauv kev tshawb fawb tsiaj,apigenin extracttau ua kom pom kev sedative thiab anxiolytic-zoo li cov teebmeem, qhia tias nws yuav pab tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb los ntawm kev tswj cov neurotransmitters thiab lwm yam kev taw qhia. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws lub peev xwm los hloov kho cov kab mob oxygen reactive (ROS), pro- cov kab mob inflammatory, thiab microglial activation muab lub hauv paus muaj peev xwm rau kev tshawb fawb txog nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev xav txog kev noj qab haus huv.

 

Ntxiv rau qhov no, pebntshiab apigenin hmoovqhia tau tias muaj peev xwm siv tau thoob plaws ntau thaj chaw.

Raws li ib tus neeg sawv cev ntuj flavonoid, apigenin tau txhawb nqa los ntawm lub cev muaj zog ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv - cov khoom ua rau mob, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb dav dav hais txog oxidative kev nyuaj siab, kev noj qab haus huv hauv metabolic, thiab cov lus teb ntawm tes. Cov kev tshawb fawb uas twb muaj lawm kuj qhia txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig hauv thaj chaw xws li daim siab, lub raum, thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm prostate, lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha, thiab cov piam thaj metabolism. Lub caij no, nws cov teebmeem neuroprotective tau txais kev saib xyuas, nrog rau cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb txog lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv, mus ob peb vas, thiab pw tsaug zog - nrog rau cov mob xws li kev nyuaj siab thiab insomnia. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb txog nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lwm yam kev ua ub no muab lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho ntxiv hauv kev noj qab haus huv, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb.

Apigenin hmoovkuj tseem nyiam cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ua neej. Piv txwv li, kev tshawb fawb tab tom tshawb nrhiav nws cov teebmeem ntawm daim tawv nqaij oxidative kev nyuaj siab, o, photodamage, thiab kev laus, nrog rau nws cov peev xwm siv los txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov plaub hau. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev tshawb fawb hauv paus ntsiab lus txog kev tswj qhov hnyav, kev noj zaub mov hauv kev ua si thiab lub cev muaj pes tsawg leeg, poj niam kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev laus, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov muag, thiab mob taub hau. Txawm hais tias tseem muaj kev tshawb fawb txog tinnitus, siv rau cov menyuam yaus, thiab cov tshuaj estrogen- cuam tshuam txog, cov pov thawj tam sim no thiab thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas ntxiv; Yog li ntawd, cov cheeb tsam no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws saib raws li lub hom phiaj rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho kev tsim kho es tsis tsim cov txiaj ntsig kho mob. Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov kev tshawb fawb no qhia txog ntau yam muaj peev xwm siv rau apigenin hauv kev noj zaub mov, khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab cov khoom lag luam tshawb fawb, txawm hais tias qhov kev ua tau zoo yuav tsum muaj kev lees paub ntxiv los ntawm tib neeg kev sim tshuaj.

Tau qhov twg los: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12658618/

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10929570/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666459325000095

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332224009594

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567576925006964

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11504338/

Kev vam khom cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntuj flavonoids thiab nws qhov kev tshawb fawb dav dav hauv cov tshuaj antioxidants, kev tswj kev mob, thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub paj hlwb, apigenin tuaj yeem siv los ua cov nroj tsuag - muab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, khoom noj khoom haus, khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb cov khoom lag luam thiab lwm yam.

Puas yog apigenin muaj kev nyab xeeb?

Cov kev tshuaj xyuas uas twb muaj lawm feem ntau xav txog apigenin kom muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis zoo thiab cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb raws li kev tshawb fawb; Nws kuj tshwm sim ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab cov khoom noj xws li parsley, celery, thiab chamomile. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb ntawm chaw kho mob hais txog qhov ntev - lub sij hawm, siab - koob tshuaj qhov ncauj ntawm siab - purityapigenin hmoovraws li ib qho active ingredient tseem txwv. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv rau tib neeg kom paub meej tias nws cov tshuaj pharmacokinetics, ntev -kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev siv tshuaj kho mob tau zoo.

Apigenin phiv

Tam sim no muaj cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tsis txaus rau tib neeg los tsim kom tau ib qho profile ntawm cov kev tsis zoo tshwm sim los yog qhov tseeb muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau npaum li cas; yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog kev siv siab - koob lossis ntev - siv sijhawm. Yog tias mob plab zom mov, kiv taub hau, tsaug zog, lossis lwm yam tshwm sim txawv txav tshwm sim, kev siv yuav tsum tau txiav, thiab nrog kws kho mob lossis kws muag tshuaj tham. Hais txog cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv cov poj niam: Tam sim no tsis muaj cov pov thawj txaus rau tib neeg los qhia txog qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim rau cov poj niam; Txawm li cas los xij, cov poj niam uas cev xeeb tub, npaj yuav xeeb tub, lossis pub niam mis yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb.

Kev noj tshuaj Apigenin

Tam sim no tsis muaj tus qauv pom zoo noj uas tau lees paub tag nrho hauv tib neeg kev sim tshuaj thiab muaj feem xyuam rau cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv. Dosages siv nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem hloov ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov tshuaj rau tib neeg cov tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim khoom thiab xaus- kev txiav txim siab siv yuav tsum yog raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv purity, cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li cas, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb ntawm tib neeg.

Puas yog apigenin muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum cev xeeb tub?

Tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txaus ntseeg ntawm tib neeg txog kev nyab xeeb thaum cev xeeb tub; yog li ntawd, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub los yog cov uas npaj yuav xeeb tub raug qhia tawm tsam tus kheej - noj tshuaj ntau -Cov tshuaj apigenintsis muaj kev ntsuam xyuas ua ntej los ntawm tus kws kho mob lossis lwm tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog.

Apigenin contraindications

Ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm contraindications tag nrho validated los ntawm tib neeg kev soj ntsuam kev sim tseem tsis tau tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tib neeg uas muaj kev fab tshuaj rau apigenin lossis lwm yam nroj tsuag - muab cov khoom xyaw, nrog rau cov uas tau txais kev kho mob, raug mob los ntawm cov kab mob, los yog npaj rau kev phais, yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob ua ntej siv.

Apigenin tshuaj cuam tshuam / Puas yog apigenin cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj?

Hauv vitro thiab tsiaj cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias apigenin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qee yam tshuaj -metabolizing enzymes thiab transporters-xws li CYP450-txog txoj hauv kev metabolic thiab kev thauj mus los xws li P-gp thiab OAT-yog li ntawd muaj peev xwm hloov pauv kev nqus lossis metabolism ntawm qee yam tshuaj; Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb puas muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm tib lub zog tshwm sim hauv tib neeg. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg tau txais kev pab noj cov tshuaj noj -tshwj xeeb yog cov uas muaj qhov nqaim kho qhov rai-yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov koob tshuaj ntau.apigenin hmoovconcurrently nrog lawv cov tshuaj tsis muaj kev cob qhia.

Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav tus neeg muag khoom apigenin txhim khu kev qha lossis xav taumuas apigenin hmoovncaj qha,KINTAIBIO^®muab ntau B2B cov khoom siv ntawm apigenin hmoov rau cov neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb thoob plaws cov khoom noj khoom haus, kev noj qab haus huv, zaub mov, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab cov khoom lag luam raw khoom. Peb cov khoom lag luam suav nrog siab -purity apigenin (90%, 95%, thiab 98%) nrog rau chamomile - tau txais apigenin (1% thiab 1.2%), tso cai rau cov neeg siv khoom xaiv cov khoom siv raw zoo tshaj plaws raws li cov khoom muag, kev xav tau purity, thiab lub hom phiaj kev lag luam. Raws li ib tug kws manufacturers ntawmbulk apigenin hmoov, peb pab txhawb kev ntsuam xyuas tus qauv, ntim khoom, thiab ntev -cov txheej txheem muab khoom raws li cov kev txiav txim kom muaj nuj nqis, ntim specifications, thiab qhov project xav tau.

Peb muab cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws -xws li COAs, specifications, thiab MSDSs-nrog rau cov kev pab cuam cuam tshuam. Rau cov khoom lag luam, tus tsim qauv, cov neeg lag luam, thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv cov neeg yuav khoom, peb tsis tsuas yog muab cov khoom ruaj khov ntawm apigenin hmoov tab sis kuj OEM / ODM thiab cov kev pab cuam customization, muab cov khoom specifications thiab export cov ntaub ntawv raws li koj qhov kawg - siv daim ntawv thov, xaj ntim, thiab lub hom phiaj kev lag luam. Thov hu rausales@kintaibio.comthov cov qauv, kev qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab tus nqi, lossis sib tham txog kev yuav khoom ntau qhov kev daws teeb meem raws li koj qhov project.

Cim npe nrov: apigenin hmoov, Tuam Tshoj apigenin hmoov manufacturers, lwm tus neeg, Hoobkas